Daniel Mitiku Yigazu ^1* Matiyos Lema ² Firomsa Bekele ¹ Dawit Tesfaye Daka ³ Dagim Samuel ⁴ Nigatu Addisu ¹

• ¹ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
• ² Department of public health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
• ³ Department of Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
• ⁴ Department of Pharmacology, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and acute complication of diabetes mellitus. In Ethiopia, the mortality associated with acute diabetes complications ranges from 9.8% to 12%. Despite this, there is limited information on the clinical outcomes of the DKA specifically in our study location. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of DKA treatment outcomes among adult patients with diabetes admitted to public hospitals in Nekemte Town, Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the DKA treatment outcome and its associated factors among adult patients with diabetes admitted to public hospitals in Nekemte Town.A 5-year cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique among 201 patients from July 1 to August 31, 2023. The DKA treatment outcome was assessed at discharge. Pharmacists collected data by reviewing patient charts using Kobo Toolbox software. Then it was exported to SPSS Version 27 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were entered into multivariable regression analysis to control potential confounders.Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to identify predictors of treatment outcomes. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant in multivariable analysis.Result: Complete data was available for 201 out of 205 patients admitted with DKA. The majority, 178 (88.6%) of patients, improved and were discharged. Independent predictors of DKA recovery were comorbidities [AOR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.33, 9.72], admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (<8)[AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.02, 7.34], random blood glucose (RBS) (≥ 500) [AOR: 3.07 (95% CI: 1.12, 8.39)] and urine ketone (≥ +3) [AOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.88].Most DKA patients treated have been discharged with improvement. Co-morbidity, admission; GCS, RBS, and urine ketones were independently associated with DKA recovery. In general, significant consideration should be given to DKA prevention, early detection, and appropriate hospital management.