AUTHOR=Jafarirad Sima , Elahi Mohammad-Reza , Mansoori Anahita , Khanzadeh Abdollah , Haghighizadeh Mohammad-Hossein 

TITLE=The improvement effect of apple cider vinegar as a functional food on anthropometric indices, blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/clinical-diabetes-and-healthcare/articles/10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1288786

DOI=10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1288786

ISSN=2673-6616

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Numerous medical costs are spent each year on treating and preventing the progression of diabetes. The positive effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been shown on post-prandial hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged consumption of ACV on blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This study was a randomized clinical trial and the participants were adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided into two groups: ACV and control. The ACV group was treated with 30 ml of ACV per day. Both the intervention and control groups received the same recommendation for a healthy diet. Before and after eight weeks, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, insulin resistance, total cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were measured.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Fasting blood glucose decreased after intervention in both groups, which was only significant in the ACV group (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference in hemoglobin A1C levels between the two groups (p &lt; 0.001) after eight weeks. LDL was decreased in the ACV group (p &lt; 0.001). Total Chol, LDL/HDL and Chol/HDL ratio decreased after the intervention period in the ACV group compared to the control group (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Daily consumption of ACV may have beneficial effects in controlling blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical trial registration</title><p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.irct.ir" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.irct.ir</ext-link>, identifier IRCT20140107016123N13.</p></sec>