AUTHOR=Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Williamson Phillip , Duarte Carlos M. , Magnan Alexandre K. 

TITLE=The Potential for Ocean-Based Climate Action: Negative Emissions Technologies and Beyond

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Climate

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/climate/articles/10.3389/fclim.2020.575716

DOI=10.3389/fclim.2020.575716

ISSN=2624-9553

ABSTRACT=<p>The effectiveness, feasibility, duration of effects, co-benefits, disbenefits, cost effectiveness and governability of four ocean-based negative emissions technologies (NETs) are assessed in comparison to eight other ocean-based measures. Their role in revising UNFCCC Parties' future Nationally Determined Contributions is discussed in the broad context of ocean-based actions for both mitigation and ecological adaptation. All measures are clustered in three policy-relevant categories (Decisive, Low Regret, Concept Stage). None of the ocean-based NETs assessed are identified as Decisive at this stage. One is Low Regret (<italic>Restoring and increasing coastal vegetation</italic>), and three are at Concept Stage, one with low to moderate potential disbenefits (<italic>Marine bioenergy with carbon capture and storage</italic>) and two with potentially high disbenefits (<italic>Enhancing open-ocean productivity</italic> and <italic>Enhancing weathering and alkalinization</italic>). Ocean-based NETs are uncertain but potentially highly effective. They have high priority for research and development.</p>