Skip to main content

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry
Sec. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Volume 3 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1425841
This article is part of the Research Topic Global Excellence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Africa View all articles

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its associated factors among children in Ethiopia, 2024: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Provisionally accepted
Molla Azmeraw Molla Azmeraw 1*Dessie Temesgen Dessie Temesgen 1Amare Kassaw Amare Kassaw 2Alemu B. Zemariam Alemu B. Zemariam 1Gashaw Kerebeh Gashaw Kerebeh 2Gebremeskel Abebe Gebremeskel Abebe 1Addis W. Alamaw Addis W. Alamaw 1Biruk B. Abate Biruk B. Abate 1
  • 1 Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  • 2 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the neuropsychiatric conditions that affect children. Its magnitude varies by area, ranging from 0.2% to 26.8%. Even though there is debates, culture and geographical location may have little or no influence on the epidemiology of ADHD world-wide. Despite this variation debates in prevalence and location, the national prevalence of ADHD is unknown in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess pooled prevalence of ADHD and its contributing factors among children.The electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and institutional repositories, were searched. The studies that covered prevalence and/or risk factors of ADHD in children were included in the collection. JBI quality rating tool was used to rate the quality of each study. The data was extracted using Microsoft Excel 2019, and the statistical analysis was performed using STATA 17.0. Using a random effect model, we evaluated the combined prevalence of ADHD and associated factors.The Cochrane Q-test and the I 2 test statistics were used to quantify the heterogeneity. Furthermore, publication bias was examined using the funnel plot graph and Egger's tests.Galbraith plot was employed to illustrate outliers. Sensitivity analysis was also applied.This study includes a total of six articles with 4,338 participants. The pooled prevalence estimates of ADHD was 8.81% (95%CI (4.52, 13.11);I 2 =96.95%; P=0.001). Age 6-12 AOR=3.51 ((95%CI: 1.38-5.64), I 2 = 0%; P = 0.001), being male AOR = 1.94 ((95%CI: 1.09-2.79), I 2 = 0%; P = 0.001), and living with single parents AOR = 4.92 ((95%CI: 1.24-861), I 2 = 0%; P = 0.001) were significant variables.One out of every twelve children in Ethiopia suffers from ADHD. Living with a single parent, being male, and being between the ages of 6 and 12 were risk factors for ADHD. A nationwide study with a sizable sample size may be required to ascertain the true impact of ADHD. It may be crucial to improve school health services in order to identify ADHD early and lessen its long-term effects.

    Keywords: ADHD, Children, Meta-analysis and systematic review, Ethiopia, Adolescent

    Received: 30 Apr 2024; Accepted: 29 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Azmeraw, Temesgen, Kassaw, Zemariam, Kerebeh, Abebe, Alamaw and Abate. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Molla Azmeraw, Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.