Aziz Tikent ^1* Salah LAARAJ ^2* Toufik Bouddine ³ Mohamed Chebaibi ⁴ Mohamed Bouhrim ⁵ ELFAZAZI Kaoutar ⁶ Ali Alqahtani ⁷ Omar M. Noman ⁷ Lhoussain Hajji ³ Larbi Rhazi ⁸ Ahmed Elamrani ¹ Mohamed Addi ^1*

• ¹ Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions agricoles, Biotechnologie & Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des sciences, Université Mohamed premier, BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco., Oujda, Morocco
• ² National Institute for Agricultural Research (Morocco), Rabat, Morocco
• ³ Bioactive and Environmental Health Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50050, Morocco., meknes, Morocco
• ⁴ Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco, Fez, Morocco
• ⁵ Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco, Béni-Mellal, Morocco
• ⁶ Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco,, Béni-Mellal, Morocco
• ⁷ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁸ Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, Beauvais Cédex, 60026, France, Beauvais Cédex, France

Many beneficial compounds found in fig leaves can be used in tea and medicine. These compounds aid with digestion, reduce inflammation, and treat diabetes and bronchitis. Chetoui, Malha, Ghoudane, and Onk Hmam fig leaf hydro-ethanol extracts from Eastern Morocco were analyzed for metabolites and biological activities. HPLC-UV examination revealed that the leaf extract included mainly caffeine, rutin, and ferrulic acid. Malha leaf is rich in polyphenols (62.6 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (26.2 ± 0.1 mg QE/g). Chetoui leaf contains the highest vitamin C content (8.2 ± 0.1 mg Asc A/100 g DW), while Onk Hmam leaf has the highest condensed tannin (4.9 ± 0.1 mg CatE/g). The investigations found that all leaf extracts were antioxidant-rich, with strong relationships between bioactive polyphenol levels and antioxidant tests for DPPH, β-carotene, ABTS, and TAC (values of -0.93, -0.94, -0.85, and 0.98, respectively). The coefficients for flavonoid content were -0.89, -0.89, -0.97, and 0.80, respectively. In addition to eliminating fungi and bacteria, hydro-ethanol fig leaf extracts showed promise cytotoxicity against the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436. In silico leaf bioactive component analysis revealed that: myricitin inhibited NADPH oxidase the greatest (gscore -6.59 Kcal/mol). Trans-ferulic acid inhibits Escherichia coli beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase (-6.55 kcal/mol), whereas quercetin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus nucleoside diphosphate kinase (-8.99). CYP51 from Candida albicans is best treated with kaempferol and myricitin. Both had a glide gscore of -7.84 kcal/mol. Rutin has the most potent Sespace 3 anticancer activity, with a glide gscore of -7.09 kcal/mol. This research indicates that fig leaf extracts from the region can be used in medicine, food, natural cosmetics, and breast cancer prevention. To maximize the value of these leaves, their use must be carefully studied. Naturally, this fortunate tree's diversity must be preserved and enhanced.