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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Chem.
Sec. Electrochemistry
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1484668
This article is part of the Research Topic Lithium-Ion Transport and Interphases in High Energy Density Solid-State Batteries View all articles

Fluorinated aggregated nanocarbon with high discharge voltage as cathode materials for alkali-metal primary batteries

Provisionally accepted
Huixin Chen Huixin Chen 1,2,3Ke Yan Ke Yan 3*Yan Zou Yan Zou 3*Qi Xia Qi Xia 3*Xiaoyu Kang Xiaoyu Kang 4*Hongjun Yue Hongjun Yue 3*Ding Chen Ding Chen 1*
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
  • 2 Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
  • 3 Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China
  • 4 Hunan Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Changsha, Anhui Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Due to its exceptionally high theoretical energy density, fluorinated carbon has been recognized as a strong contender for the cathode material in lithium primary batteries particularly valued in aerospace and related industries. However, CFx cathode with high F/C ratio, which enables higher energy density, often suffer from inadequate rate capability and are unable to satisfy escalating demand. Furthermore, their intrinsic low discharge voltage imposes constraints on their applicability. In this study, a novel and high F/C ratio fluorinated carbon nanomaterials (FNC) enriched with semi-ionic C-F bonds is synthesized at a lower fluorination temperature, using aggregated nanocarbon as the precursor. The increased presence semi-ionic C-F bonds of the FNC enhances conductivity, thereby ameliorating ohmic polarization effects during initial discharge.In addition, the spherical shape and aggregated configuration of FNC facilitate the diffusion of Li + to abundant active sites through continuous paths. Consequently, the FNC exhibits high discharge voltage of 3.15 V at 0.01C and superior rate capability in lithium primary batteries. At a high rate of 20C, power density of 33,694 W kg -¹ and energy density of 1,250 Wh kg⁻¹ are achieved. Moreover, FNC also demonstrates notable electrochemical performance in sodium/potassium-CFx primary batteries. This new-type alkali-metal/CFx primary batteries exhibit outstanding rate capability, rendering them with vast potential in high-power applications.

    Keywords: Alkali-metal/CFx primary batteries, Aggregated nanocarbon, Semi-ionic C-F bonds, high discharge voltage, Rate performance

    Received: 22 Aug 2024; Accepted: 20 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Chen, Yan, Zou, Xia, Kang, Yue and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Ke Yan, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China
    Yan Zou, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China
    Qi Xia, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China
    Xiaoyu Kang, Hunan Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Changsha, 410014, Anhui Province, China
    Hongjun Yue, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Xiamen, China
    Ding Chen, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China

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