Skip to main content

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Chem.
Sec. Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1456057

Insight into the integration effect of chitosan and β-cyclodextrin on the properties of zinc-phosphate/hydroxyapatite hybrid as delivery structures for 5-Fluorouracil: loading and release profiles

Provisionally accepted
May N. Bin Jumah May N. Bin Jumah 1Sarah I. Al Othman Sarah I. Al Othman 1Awatif A. Alomari Awatif A. Alomari 1Ahmed A. Alam Ahmed A. Alam 2Mostafa R. Abukhadra Mostafa R. Abukhadra 2*
  • 1 Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Zinc-phosphate/hydroxyapatite hybrid form (ZP/HP) in core-shell nanostructure was developed and functionalized with both chitosan (CS@ZP/HP) and β-cyclodextrin (CD@ZP/HP) as bio-composite of enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. These structures were assessed as potential deliveries of 5fluorouracil, exhibiting enhanced loading, release, and anti-cancer behaviors. The functionalization strongly prompted the loading effectiveness to be 301.3 mg/g (CS@ZP/HP) and 342.8 mg/g (CD@ZP/HP) instead of 238.9 mg/g for ZP/HP. The loading activities were assessed based on the hypotheses of traditional kinetic and isotherm models, alongside the computational variables of the monolayer model with a single energetic site as an advanced isotherm model. The functionalized versions exhibit much greater loading efficacy compared to ZP/HP as a result of the increment in the density of the existing loading sites (Nm (5-Fu) = 78.85 mg/g (ZP/HP), 93.87 mg/g (CS@ZP/HP), and 117.8 mg/g (CD@ZP/HP)). Furthermore, the loading energies of approximately 40 kJ/mol, together with the loading potential of each receptor (n > 1) and Gaussian energies of approximately 8 kJ/mol, indicate the physical entrapment of 5-Fu molecules according to a vertical orientation. The materials mentioned verify long-term and continuous release characteristics. Following the modification processes, this behavior became faster as both CS@ZP/HP and CD@ZP/HP displayed complete release within 120 hours at pH 1.2. The kinetic studies and diffusing exponent (> 0.45) indicate that release characteristics are controlled by both diffusion and erosion processes. These carriers also markedly increase the cytotoxicity of 5-Fu against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell lines: 5-Fu-ZP/HP (3.2% cell viability), 5-Fu-CS@ZP/HP (1.12% cell viability), and 5-Fu-CD@ZP/HP (0.63% cell viability).

    Keywords: hydroxyapatite, Biopolymers, composites, 5-fluorouracil, loading, anticancer

    Received: 27 Jun 2024; Accepted: 27 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Bin Jumah, Al Othman, Alomari, Alam and Abukhadra. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.