AUTHOR=Zhang Liping , Gonçalves Alexandre A. S. , Jaroniec Mietek TITLE=Synthesis of nanoporous carbonaceous materials at lower temperatures JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry VOLUME=11 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2023.1277826 DOI=10.3389/fchem.2023.1277826 ISSN=2296-2646 ABSTRACT=

Nanoporous carbonaceous materials are ideal ingredients in various industrial products due to their large specific surface area. They are typically prepared by post-synthesis activation and templating methods. Both methods require the input of large amounts of energy to sustain thermal treatment at high temperatures (typically >600°C), which is clearly in violation of the green-chemistry principles. To avoid this issue, other strategies have been developed for the synthesis of carbonaceous materials at lower temperatures (<600°C). This mini review is focused on three strategies suitable for processing carbons at lower temperatures, namely, hydrothermal carbonization, in situ hard templating method, and mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction. Typical procedures of these strategies are demonstrated by using recently reported examples. At the end, some problems associated with the strategies and potential solutions are discussed.