AUTHOR=Xuan Bin , Li Lei , Zhang Hui , Liu Zhuojue , Luo Ruxi , Yang Wenpeng , Wang Weili 

TITLE=Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of PGLa-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2023.1210425

DOI=10.3389/fchem.2023.1210425

ISSN=2296-2646

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objectives:</bold> This study investigated the antimicrobial effect and anti-inflammatory activities of PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays (TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs) in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The surface morphology and roughness of three titanium (Ti) substrates (Ti, TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs, PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs) were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The wettability of three titanium substrates was evaluated by contact angle. Biocompatibility of PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs were evaluated in MG-63 cells (cell adhesion, proliferation, cytoskeletal evaluation and alkaline phosphatase activity). Spread plate counting method was used to evaluate antibacterial abilities of the titanium substrates. The calcein AM/PI staining evaluated cell viability of MG-63 cells on the substrates with or without proinflammatory factors (TNF-α).</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The average surface roughness of untreated Ti, TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs, PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs were found to be 135.8 ± 6.4 nm, 300.5 ± 10.5 nm, 348.9 ± 16.9 nm, respectively. The contact angle of the untreated Ti was 77.4° ± 6.6°. TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs displayed excellent wettability which of contact angle was 12.1° ± 2.9°. The contact angle of the PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs was 34.6° ± 4.9°. MG-63 cells on surface of PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs showed better cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic activity. The antibacterial rate of PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs group significantly increased (84.6% ± 5.5%, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). The rate of dead cells on the surfaces of the PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs with TNF-α decreased significantly (4.49% ± 0.02, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01).</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> PGLa-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs have multi-biofunctions including biocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.</p>