AUTHOR=Kalapsazova Mariya , Kostov Krassimir , Zhecheva Ekaterina , Stoyanova Radostina 

TITLE=Hybrid Li/Na Ion Batteries: Temperature-Induced Reactivity of Three-Layered Oxide (P3-Na2/3Ni1/3Mg1/6Mn1/2O2) Toward Lithium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2020.600140

DOI=10.3389/fchem.2020.600140

ISSN=2296-2646

ABSTRACT=<p>Hybrid metal ion batteries are perceived as competitive alternatives to lithium ion batteries because they provide better balance between energy/power density, battery cost, and environmental requirements. However, their cycling stability and high-temperature storage performance are still far from the desired. Herein, we first examine the temperature-induced reactivity of three-layered oxide, <italic>P</italic>3-Na<sub>2/3</sub>Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Mg<sub>1/6</sub>Mn<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, toward lithium ionic liquid electrolyte upon cycling in hybrid Li/Na ion cells. Through <italic>ex situ</italic> X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, the structural and surface changes in <italic>P</italic>3-Na<sub>2/3</sub>Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Mg<sub>1/6</sub>Mn<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> are monitored and discussed. Understanding the relevant changes occurring during dual Li<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> intercalation into <italic>P</italic>3-Na<sub>2/3</sub>Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Mg<sub>1/6</sub>Mn<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is of crucial importance to enhance the overall performance of hybrid Li/Na ion batteries at elevated temperatures.</p>