AUTHOR=Gombotz Maria , Rettenwander Daniel , Wilkening H. Martin R. 

TITLE=Lithium-Ion Transport in Nanocrystalline Spinel-Type Li[InxLiy]Br4 as Seen by Conductivity Spectroscopy and NMR

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemistry

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2020.00100

DOI=10.3389/fchem.2020.00100

ISSN=2296-2646

ABSTRACT=<p>Currently, a variety of solid Li<sup>+</sup> conductors are being discussed that could potentially serve as electrolytes in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries and batteries using metallic Li as the anode. Besides oxides, sulfides and thioposphates, and also halogenides, such as Li<sub>3</sub>YBr<sub>6</sub>, belong to the group of such promising materials. Here, we report on the mechanosynthesis of ternary, nanocrystalline (defect-rich) Li[In<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Li<sub><italic>y</italic></sub>]Br<sub>4</sub>, which crystallizes with a spinel structure. We took advantage of a soft mechanochemical synthesis route that overcomes the limitations of classical solid-state routes, which usually require high temperatures to prepare the product. X-ray powder diffraction, combined with Rietveld analysis, was used to collect initial information about the crystal structure; it turned out that the lithium indium bromide prepared adopts cubic symmetry (<inline-formula><mml:math id="M1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mstyle class="text"><mml:mtext class="textit" mathvariant="italic">Fd</mml:mtext></mml:mstyle><mml:mover accent="false" class="mml-overline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo accent="true">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mstyle class="text"><mml:mtext class="textit" mathvariant="italic">m</mml:mtext></mml:mstyle></mml:math></inline-formula>). The overall and electronic conductivity were examined via broadband conductivity spectroscopy and electrical polarization measurements. While electric modulus spectroscopy yielded information on long-range ion transport, <sup>7</sup>Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxation measurements revealed rapid, localized ionic hopping processes in the ternary bromide. Finally, we studied the influence of thermal treatment on overall conductivity, as the indium bromide might find applications in cells that are operated at high temperatures (330 K and above).</p>