AUTHOR=Kapepula Vercus Lumami , Luis Patricia 

TITLE=Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using reverse osmosis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemical Engineering

VOLUME=Volume 6 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemical-engineering/articles/10.3389/fceng.2024.1334816

DOI=10.3389/fceng.2024.1334816

ISSN=2673-2718

ABSTRACT=This chapter presents an overview and innovations in reverse osmosis membrane pro-cesses for rejecting charged metal ions in wastewater, in relation to the main problems associated with purification methods. It also explains the emergence of nanomaterials and the different methods applied for RO membrane modification to improve perfor-mance. Membrane regeneration and retentate management have been studied in this chapter. Finally, an economic feasibility study is recommended for the industrial scale-up of the methodology.