AUTHOR=Decoene Isaak , Herpelinck Tim , Geris Liesbet , Luyten Frank P. , Papantoniou Ioannis TITLE=Engineering bone-forming callus organoid implants in a xenogeneic-free differentiation medium JOURNAL=Frontiers in Chemical Engineering VOLUME=4 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemical-engineering/articles/10.3389/fceng.2022.892190 DOI=10.3389/fceng.2022.892190 ISSN=2673-2718 ABSTRACT=

The field of tissue engineering aspires to provide clinically relevant solutions for patients through the integration of developmental engineering principles with a bottom-up manufacturing approach. However, the manufacturing of cell-based advanced therapy medicinal products is hampered by protocol complexity, lack of non-invasive critical quality controls, and dependency on animal-derived components for tissue differentiation. We investigate a serum-free, chemically defined, xeno- and lipid-free chondrogenic differentiation medium to generate bone-forming callus organoids. Our results show an increase in microtissue homogeneity during prolonged differentiation and the high quality of in vivo bone-forming organoids. The low protein content of the culture medium potentially allows for the monitoring of relevant secreted biomarkers as (critical) quality attributes. Together, we envisage that this xeno- and lipid-free chondrogenic medium is compatible with industrial scale-up and automation while facilitating the implementation of non-invasive imaging and the use of quality control parameters based on secreted biomarkers.