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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

Sec. Non-Neuronal Cells

Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1571596

Topographic relationship between glial cells and neovessels of the epiretinal membrane in proliferative diabetic retinopathy depends on the phase of angiogenesis

Provisionally accepted
  • 1 Medical Scientific and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  • 2 Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology (RAS), Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: To investigate the topographic relationship between glial tissue and active neovessels in epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Material and Methods: Phase-contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed on 17 surgically removed ERMs from 17 eyes of PDR patients. ERMs were immunolabeled with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies to identify glia, and with anti-collagen IV or anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) antibodies to identify neovessels. All ERMs were analyzed as whole-mounted preparations, each including the area of leading neovessels.Results: GFAP-immunopositive glial cells (GCs) were identified in 11 of 17 specimens (65%). The cells also co-expressed type IV collagen. Fibrils immunopositive for type IV collagen (GFAPnegative) were detected in all cases. The topography, structure, and GFAP immunoreactivity distinguished GCs from GFAP-negative hyalocytes. GCs had bipolar shape, small cell bodies, very long, sparsely branching, bidirectional processes, and showed a tendency to form clumps. The structure of GCs was more consistent with that of Müller cells. In all ERMs, the majority of GCs were localized around the epicenter of neovascular clusters (where neovessels branched from the maternal vessel), which also corresponded to the highest density of collagen fibrils. In four cases (23.5%), GCs were also identified in the area of the leading capillaries; however, no signs of direct interaction between GCs and developing neovessels was observed in these cases.Conclusion: Our study found no evidence of direct interaction between GCs and leading neovessels in PDR, opposite to what was shown in embryonic retinal angiogenesis. The findings suggest that the presence of GCs near the neovascular cluster epicenter and around leading capillaries indicates different phases of the proliferative process in PDR. The findings suggest that the presence of GCs near the neovascular cluster epicenter and around leading capillaries reflects different phases of the proliferative process in PDR.In the first case, GFAP+ cells appear to be involved in the involution of neovessels, which occurs during vascular remodeling or regression. In the second case, when GCs were located around the leading neovessels, their proliferation was not directly related to blood vessel formation. In our opinion, these processes may represent independent events that might have common triggers.

    Keywords: proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Angiogenesis, glia, Neovessels, Epiretinal membranes

    Received: 05 Feb 2025; Accepted: 21 Mar 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Sdobnikova, Makhotin, Revishchin, Sysoeva, Pavlova and Sdobnikova. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Svetlana Sdobnikova, Medical Scientific and Educational Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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