AUTHOR=Zou Jia , Liu Hui , Tan Wei , Chen Yi-qi , Dong Jing , Bai Shu-yuan , Wu Zhao-xia , Zeng Yan 

TITLE=Dynamic regulation and key roles of ribonucleic acid methylation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

VOLUME=16

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2022.1058083

DOI=10.3389/fncel.2022.1058083

ISSN=1662-5102

ABSTRACT=<p>Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation is the most abundant modification in biological systems, accounting for 60% of all RNA modifications, and affects multiple aspects of RNA (including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs). Dysregulation of RNA methylation causes many developmental diseases through various mechanisms mediated by <italic>N</italic><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A), 5-methylcytosine (m<sup>5</sup>C), <italic>N</italic><sup>1</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>1</sup>A), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm<sup>5</sup>C), and pseudouridine (Ψ). The emerging tools of RNA methylation can be used as diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic markers. Here, we review the accumulated discoveries to date regarding the biological function and dynamic regulation of RNA methylation/modification, as well as the most popularly used techniques applied for profiling RNA epitranscriptome, to provide new ideas for growth and development.</p>