First environmental survey of Scedosporium species in Lebanon

Sara Mina ^1* Hajar Yaakoub ² Bienvenue Razafimandimby ² Elske Dwars ³ Méline Wéry ² Nicolas Papon ² Wieland Meyer ³ Jean-Philippe Bouchara ²

• ¹ Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
• ² Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
• ³ Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands, Netherlands

Scedosporium species are filamentous fungi causing a wide spectrum of infections in healthy and debilitated individuals. Despite their clinical significance, the ecology of Scedosporium species remains understudied, particularly in the Middle East. In this study, we conducted an environmental survey of Scedosporium species in the North of Lebanon to elucidate their distribution and ecological preferences. Among the 155 soil samples collected from different environmental areas, 39 (25.16%) were positive for Scedosporium species, with a predominance of S. apiospermum (80.55%). Soil analysis revealed associations between the fungal presence and pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter content. Moreover, genotyping analysis using MultiLocus Sequence Typing identified five major clusters. Interestingly, a number of Lebanese isolates formed an Asian-specific cluster (V) with one clinical Chinese isolate, whereas two clusters (II and III) showed a close association with German isolates, and clusters (I and IV) contained isolates with a global distribution. These findings provide new insights into the ecology of Scedosporium species, bridging a gap in our knowledge of their distribution on the Asian continent and laying the groundwork for future clinical investigations. Future international collaborations are essential to trace the origin of S. apiospermum.