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REVIEW article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Adaptive immunity in infection
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1540149
This article is part of the Research Topic Understanding epithelial dynamics: pathogens, inflammation, and homeostasis View all 3 articles
The Immune Mechanisms of the Urinary Tract Against Infections
Provisionally accepted- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Urinary tract infection (UTI), a common clinical infectious disease, is marked by high incidence and frequent recurrence. Recurrent UTIs can cause severe complications, negatively affecting health. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria present significant challenges to UTI treatment. This article systematically reviews the key immune mechanisms in the body's defense against UTI pathogens. It discusses various immune response components, such as the urinary tract mucosal epithelium, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, innate lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells, with the aim of providing insights for future UTI research.
Keywords: urinary tract infection 1, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 2, immune mechanism 3, urothelial mucosal epithelial cell 4, adaptive immunity 5, innate immunity 6
Received: 05 Dec 2024; Accepted: 28 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hou, Lyu, Hu, Zhu and Niu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Hongxia Niu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
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