The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Antibiotic Resistance and New Antimicrobial drugs
Volume 15 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1529104
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of natural (Z)-13-Docosenamide derived from Penicillium chrysogenum
Provisionally accepted- 1 Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- 2 International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 3 College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The synthesis of natural compounds with strong biological activity from affordable sources has proven challenging for scientists. As a natural resource rich in a variety of bioactive substances; fungal metabolites have the potential to be used in medical applications to serve the global action towards a sustainable future. Twenty five filamentous fungi were isolated, and their secondary metabolites were assessed for their antimicrobial efficiency. The extracellular extract of strain Penicillium chrysogenum Pc was selected for its high bioactivity compared with the other whole isolates. The GC-Ms analysis of the extracellular extract of P. chrysogenum Pc was found to contain around 16 variable compounds. After several separation and purification processes using flash chromatography, HPLC, TLC, NMR and FTIR, the most bioactive compounds was identified as (Z)-13-Docosenamide or Erucylamide with molecular formula of C22H43NO with molecular weight at 337.0. The purified (Z)-13-Docosenamide possessed antimicrobial activity with MIC ranged around 10 µg/mL for the tested pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli), and 20 µg/mL against the tested fungi (Penicillium aurantiogriseum and Aspergillus fumigatus). Furthermore, MTT assay showed that the (Z)-13-Docosenamide inhibited the cell viability and the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma, in vitro, with IC50 at 23.8 ± 0.8 µg/mL. The remarkable bioactivity of (Z)-13-Docosenamide makes it a potential candidate to assist the pipeline for the creation of antibacterial and anticancer drugs, which will help to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and fatalities related to cancer.
Keywords: Penicillium chrysogenum, Natural antimicrobial products, Fatty amide, HPLC, NMR, antimicrobial resistance, antioxidant activity, Anticancer activity
Received: 16 Nov 2024; Accepted: 27 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 El-Gazzar, Said, Abdelgawwad, Al-Otibi and Rabie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Nashwa El-Gazzar, Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.