LU LI ^1,2,3 Darbhe Jayarama Bhat ^4,5 Hong-Bo Jiang ^6,7,8,9 Junfu Li ^6,7,8,9 Turki M Dawoud ⁴ Fangqi Sun ^6,7,8,9 Sukanya Haituk ^1,10 RATCHADAWAN CHEEWANGKOON ^1,2* Rungtiwa Phookamsak ^6,7,8,9*

• ¹ Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
• ² Innovative Agriculture Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand
• ³ Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China, Kunming, China
• ⁴ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ⁵ Vishnugupta Vishwavidyapeetam, Ashoke, Gokarna, Karnataka, India
• ⁶ Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China, Kunming, China
• ⁷ Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe, China
• ⁸ Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
• ⁹ CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming 650201, China, Kunming, China
• ¹⁰ Office of the Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Chiangmai, Thailand

During investigations of freshwater fungi in Hunan and Yunnan Province, China, Chaetopsina yunnanensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae), Parafuscosporella hunanensis sp. nov. (Fuscosporellaceae), and Pleurotheciella yunnanensis sp. nov. (Pleurotheciaceae) were discovered on submerged decaying wood and branches. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Chaetopsina yunnanensis formed a separate branch with C. pinicola and nested among other Chaetopsina species in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Besides, hitherto known Chaetopsina beijingensis shared the same branch with C. fulva, type species of the genus, demonstrating their conspecific status. Therefore, C. beijingensis is formally synonymized under C. fulva, with an amended species circumscription. Parafuscosporella hunanesnsis Novel freshwater ascomycetes in Hunan and Yunnan, China formed a well-separated subclade with the ex-type strain of Pa. mucosa and clustered with other Parafuscosporella within Fuscosporellaceae (Fuscosporellales). In addition, the genus Parafuscosporella is treated as distinct from Vanakripa due to lack of phylogenetic evidence in clarifying their congeneric status with the latter. Pleurotheciella yunnanensis is found sister to Pl. saprophytica, forming a subclade with Pl. dimorphospora within the Pleurotheciaceae (Pleurotheciales). Morphologically, Chaetopsina yunnanensis fits well with the generic concept of Chaetopsina in forming holomorphic state with hyphomycetous asexual morph producing pigmented, setiform conidiophores, phialidic conidiogenous cells, hyaline conidia and nectria-like sexual morph. Parafuscosporella hunanesnsis fits well with Parafuscosporella in having acrogenous, apiosporous, versicolored, obovoid to obpyriform conidia. Whereas Pleurotheciella yunnanensis resembles Pl. dimorphospora in forming asexual dimorphism with two types of conidia (Type I: brown, muriform/phragmosporous conidia and Type II: hyaline, amerosporous/didymorsporous conidia). The novelty of taxa is explained with detailed descriptions, photo-micrographic illustrations, polymorphism and multigene phylogenetic analyses of Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood criteria.