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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume 14 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1467320
Pneumococcal carriage in a large Sicilian sample population: impact on the current epidemiological scenario and implications for future vaccination strategies
Provisionally accepted- 1 University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- 2 Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prevalent and virulent global pathogen, with colonization being considered a precondition for pneumococcal disease. Understanding colonization is critical for gaining insights into transmission dynamics and developing effective interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization and serotype distribution in the Sicilian population. Methods: Observational study randomly selecting samples belonging to Sicilian individuals whose nasopharyngeal swabs were collected between February 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Pneumococcal colonization was determined using PCR for the pneumococcal autolysin (LytA) gene, and positive samples were serotyped. Results: The study sample consisted of 1,196 individuals, with 17.4% testing positive for the LytA gene. Pneumococcal colonization rates fell from birth to 24 years, with a peak in 0-4-year-olds (aOR=6.9; p<0.001). Colonization was higher in colder months, particularly in December (aOR=2.9, p<0.05) and February (aOR=4, p<0.05). Serotypes 22F and 24ABF exhibited strong colonization and an invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) risk, whereas serotypes 4, 6AB, 9VA, and 13 had high colonization but a low IPD risk. Serotypes 3 and 8 exhibited considerable IPD risk but low colonization. Conclusion: Our findings provide insights into pneumococcal colonization mechanisms, influencing serotype prevalence, colonization risk variables, and serotype comparisons for colonization and pathogenicity propensity.
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, carriage, colonization, Serotypes, Epidemiology
Received: 19 Jul 2024; Accepted: 08 Nov 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Amodio, Tramuto, De Francisci, Genovese, Guzzetta, Pisciotta, Santino, Randazzo, Trapani, Vella and Vitale. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Dario Genovese, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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