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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Veterinary and Zoonotic Infection
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1395949
This article is part of the Research Topic Unveiling Host-Pathogen Interactions: Insights into Animal Cellular Immunity and Novel Diagnostics View all 16 articles

Saliva NIR spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics: A novel diagnostic approach to Paratuberculosis in dairy cattle

Provisionally accepted
Saba Behdad Saba Behdad 1Reza Massudi Reza Massudi 2*Abbas Pakdel Abbas Pakdel 3
  • 1 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Research and science branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran
  • 2 Laser and Plasma Research Institute (LAPRI), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
  • 3 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Abstract Introduction: Paratuberculosis is a granulomatous intestinal infection that affects ruminant animals worldwide. The disease is often detected when most animals are already infected due to the long incubation period and the high transmissibility of the infectious agent. The lack of a comprehensive method to diagnose Paratuberculosis is a global challenge. Therefore, a non-destructive, fast, and cost-effective diagnostic method for early detection of Paratuberculosis is crucial. Methods: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and aquaphotomics, have the potential to diagnose the disease by detecting changes in biological fluids. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic ability of NIRS and aquaphotomics for Paratuberculosis in dairy cattle by monitoring and data mining of saliva. The diagnostic models were developed according to saliva spectra of dairy cattle in the NIR range and 12 water absorbance bands from 100-200 days after calving in two groups: positive and negative, based on the same seven ELISA tests of blood plasma, as a reference test. Results: Both NIRS and aquaphotomics methods had high diagnostic accuracy. Using QDA and SVM models, 99% total accuracy, 98% sensitivity, and 100% specificity in internal validation. The total accuracy in external validation was 90%. This study presents two novel approaches to diagnosing Paratuberculosis in dairy cattle using saliva. Discussion: The study found that changes in water absorbance spectral patterns of saliva caused by complex physiological changes, such as the amount of antibody related to Paratuberculosis in dairy cattle as biomarkers, are crucial in detecting Paratuberculosis using NIRS and aquaphotomics.

    Keywords: Aquaphotomics1, Johne's disease2, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis3, near-infrared spectroscopy4, Saliva5

    Received: 04 Mar 2024; Accepted: 18 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Behdad, Massudi and Pakdel. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Reza Massudi, Laser and Plasma Research Institute (LAPRI), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.