AUTHOR=Gu Zhixia , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhao Xue , Liu Tingting , Sheng Shugui , Song Rui , Jin Ronghua 

TITLE=Comparing sputum microbiota characteristics between severe and critically ill influenza patients

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1297946

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1297946

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Currently, limited attention has been directed toward utilizing clinical cohorts as a starting point to elucidate alterations in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiota following influenza A virus (IAV) infection.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Our objective was to undertake a comparative analysis of the diversity and composition of sputum microbiota in individuals afflicted by severe and critically ill influenza patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sputum specimens were procured from patients diagnosed with IAV infection for the purpose of profiling the microbiota using 16S-rDNA sequencing. To ascertain taxonomic differences between the severe and critically ill influenza cohorts, we leveraged Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe). Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis was employed to illuminate associations between sputum microbiota and influenza Ct values alongside laboratory indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Our study encompassed a total cohort of 64 patients, comprising 48 within the severe group and 16 within the critically ill group. Intriguingly, <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> exhibited significant depletion in the critically ill cohort (<italic>p</italic>=0.031). The sputum microbiomes of the severe influenza group were hallmarked by an overrepresentation of <italic>Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Actinobacillus, Alloprevotella, TM7x</italic>, and <italic>Clostridia_UCG-014</italic>, yielding ROC-plot AUC values of 0.71, 0.68, 0.60, 0.70, 0.70, and 0.68, respectively. Notably, <italic>Alloprevotella</italic> exhibited an inverse correlation with influenza Ct values. Moreover, C-reactive protein (CRP) manifested a positive correlation with <italic>Haemophilus</italic> and <italic>Porphyromonas</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The outcomes of this investigation lay the groundwork for future studies delving into the connection between the LRT microbiome and respiratory disorders. Further exploration is warranted to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the interaction between IAV and <italic>Alloprevotella</italic>, particularly in disease progression.</p></sec>