AUTHOR=Chen Xingcen , Peng Ruyi , Peng Dongzi , Xiao Jia , Liu Deliang , Li Rong 

TITLE=An update: is there a relationship between H. pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? why is this subject of interest?

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282956

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282956

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> (<italic>H. pylori</italic>) infection is thought to impact various extragastric diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease. Meanwhile, the pathogenesis of NAFLD needs further research, and effective treatment for this disease remains elusive. In this mini-review, we enumerate and ponder on the evidence demonstrating an association between <italic>H. pylori</italic> infection and NAFLD. Primarily, we delve into high-quality meta-analyses and clinical randomized controlled trials focusing on the association studies between the two. We also discuss clinical studies that present opposite conclusions. In addition, we propose a mechanism through which <italic>H. pylori</italic> infection aggravates NAFLD: inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier and microbiota, <italic>H. pylori</italic> outer membrane vesicles and <italic>H. pylori</italic>-infected cell-extracellular vesicles. This mini-review aims to further explore NAFLD pathogenesis and extragastric disease mechanisms caused by <italic>H. pylori</italic> infection.</p>