AUTHOR=Huang Yinxia , Zhu Chuanzhi , Pan Liping , Zhang Zongde 

TITLE=The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis acetyltransferase and protein acetylation modifications in tuberculosis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218583

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218583

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> (<italic>M. tb</italic>), which has been a significant burden for a long time. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for protein function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This review focuses on the contribution of protein acetylation to the function of <italic>M. tb</italic> and its infected macrophages. The acetylation of <italic>M. tb</italic> proteins plays a critical role in virulence, drug resistance, regulation of metabolism, and host anti-TB immune response. Similarly, the PTMs of host proteins induced by <italic>M. tb</italic> are crucial for the development, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Host protein acetylation induced by <italic>M. tb</italic> is significant in regulating host immunity against TB, which substantially affects the disease’s development. The review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of <italic>M. tb</italic> acetyltransferase in virulence and drug resistance. It also discusses the role and mechanism of <italic>M. tb</italic> in regulating host protein acetylation and immune response regulation. Furthermore, the current scenario of isoniazid usage in <italic>M. tb</italic> therapy treatment is examined. Overall, this review provides valuable information that can serve as a preliminary basis for studying pathogenic research, developing new drugs, exploring in-depth drug resistance mechanisms, and providing precise treatment for TB.</p>