AUTHOR=Huang Shi-Mei , Tang Yu-Rong , Wang Ji-Liang , Wang Xiao-Zhen , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Pan Su-Fei 

TITLE=Case Report: Double trouble: a rare case of successfully treated Mycoplasma hominis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159891

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159891

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Extra-urogenital infections due to <italic>Mycoplasma hominis</italic> (<italic>M. hominis</italic>) are rare, particularly co-infection with <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (<italic>P. aeruginosa</italic>). Herein, we report on a patient who was co-infected and successfully treated despite delayed treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Case presentation</title><p>We reported the case of a 43-year-old man with <italic>M. hominis</italic> and <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> co-infection after a traffic accident. The patient developed a fever and severe infection despite postoperative antimicrobial therapies. The blood culture of wound tissues was positive for <italic>P. aeruginosa.</italic> Meanwhile, culturing of blood and wound samples showed pinpoint-sized colonies on blood agar plates and fried-egg-type colonies on mycoplasma medium, which were identified as <italic>M. hominis</italic> by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Based on antibiotic susceptibility and symptoms, ceftazidime–avibactam and moxifloxacin were administered for <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> infection. Meanwhile, after the failure of a series of anti-infective agents, <italic>M. hominis</italic> and <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> co-infection was successfully treated with a minocycline-based regimen and polymyxin B.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The co-infection with <italic>M. hominis</italic> and <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> was successfully treated with anti-infective agents despite delayed treatment, providing information for the management of double infection.</p></sec>