AUTHOR=Han Shisheng , Shang Li , Lu Yan , Wang Yi 

TITLE=Gut Microbiome Characteristics in IgA Nephropathy: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis from Observational Studies

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.904401

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2022.904401

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Recent data indicate the importance of gut-kidney axis in the pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Growing evidence suggests the alterations of diversity and composition of gut microbiome among patients with IgAN, however, the details are not yet fully understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Eligible studies comparing the gut microbiome between patients with IgAN and non-IgAN individuals were systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and <italic>ClinicalTrials.gov</italic>. The primary outcomes were alpha- and beta-diversity, and the differences in gut microbiota composition between patients with IgAN and non-IgAN persons. Qualitative analysis and meta-analysis were performed according to available data.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Eleven cross-sectional studies, including 409 patients with IgAN and 243 healthy controls, were enrolled. No significant differences in the diversity and enrichment of gut bacteria were found between IgAN and healthy individuals, whereas the beta-diversity consistently showed significant microbial dissimilarities among the two groups. <italic>Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria</italic>, and <italic>Verrucomicrobia</italic> were the dominant phyla, however, no significant differences were found between IgAN patients and healthy controls at the phylum level. The genera, <italic>Streptococcus</italic> and <italic>Paraprevotella</italic> showed a higher proportion in patients with IgAN compared to healthy individuals, whereas <italic>Fusicatenibacter</italic> showed a lower abundance according to meta-analysis. Qualitative analyses suggested that <italic>Escherichia-Shigella</italic> might be increased in IgAN patients; the genera, <italic>Clostridium, Prevotella 9</italic>,and <italic>Roseburia</italic>, members of <italic>Ruminococcaceae</italic> and <italic>Lachnospiraceae</italic> families, were likely to have decreased abundances in patients with IgAN compared to healthy individuals.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Gut microbiota dysbiosis was demonstrated in IgAN, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study, due to the substantial heterogeneity.</p></sec><sec><title>Systematic Review Registration</title><p><uri xlink:href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/</uri>, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42022304034).</p></sec>