AUTHOR=Hobson Claire Amaris , Vigué Lucile , Magnan Mélanie , Chassaing Benoit , Naimi Sabrine , Gachet Benoit , Claraz Pauline , Storme Thomas , Bonacorsi Stephane , Tenaillon Olivier , Birgy André TITLE=A Microbiota-Dependent Response to Anticancer Treatment in an In Vitro Human Microbiota Model: A Pilot Study With Hydroxycarbamide and Daunorubicin JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.886447 DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2022.886447 ISSN=2235-2988 ABSTRACT=Background

Anticancer drug efficacy is linked to the gut microbiota’s composition, and there is a dire need to better understand these interactions for personalized medicine. In vitro microbiota models are promising tools for studies requiring controlled and repeatable conditions. We evaluated the impact of two anticancer drugs on human feces in the MiniBioReactor Array (MBRA) in vitro microbiota system.

Methods

The MBRA is a single-stage continuous-flow culture model, hosted in an anaerobic chamber. We evaluated the effect of a 5-day treatment with hydroxycarbamide or daunorubicine on the fecal bacterial communities of two healthy donors. 16S microbiome profiling allowed analysis of microbial richness, diversity, and taxonomic changes.

Results

In this host-free setting, anticancer drugs diversely affect gut microbiota composition. Daunorubicin was associated with significant changes in alpha- and beta-diversity as well as in the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in a donor-dependent manner. The impact of hydroxycarbamide on microbiota composition was not significant.

Conclusion

We demonstrated, for the first time, the impact of anticancer drugs on human microbiota composition, in a donor- and molecule-dependent manner in an in vitro human microbiota model. We confirm the importance of personalized studies to better predict drug-associated-dysbiosis in vivo, linked to the host’s response to treatment.