AUTHOR=Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Yize , Wang Ruiqin , Liu Xiaoning , Zhao Jinmeng , Tsuda Masato , Li You TITLE=SARS-CoV-2 infection of intestinal epithelia cells sensed by RIG-I and DHX-15 evokes innate immune response and immune cross-talk JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035711 DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035711 ISSN=2235-2988 ABSTRACT=

SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of clinical symptoms from respiratory damage to gastrointestinal disorders. Intestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2 triggers immune response. However, the cellular mechanism that how SARS-CoV-2 initiates and induces intestinal immunity is not understood. Here, we exploited SARS-CoV-2-GFP/ΔN trVLP pseudo-virus system and demonstrated that RIG-I and DHX15 are required for sensing SARS-CoV-2 and inducing cellular immune response through MAVS signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. NLRP6 also engages in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by producing IL-18. Furthermore, primary cellular immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 in IECs further cascades activation of MAIT cells and produces cytotoxic cytokines including IFN-γ, granzyme B via an IL-18 dependent mechanism. These findings taken together unveil molecular basis of immune recognition in IECs in response to SARS-CoV-2, and provide insights that intestinal immune cross-talk with other immune cells triggers amplified immunity and probably contributes to immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.