AUTHOR=Wang Bing-Yan , Lu Tom , Cai Qiuyin , Ho Meng-Hsuan , Sheng Sally , Meng Hsiu-Wan , Arsto Laura , Hong Jianming , Xie Hua 

TITLE=Potential Microbiological Risk Factors Associated With Periodontitis and Periodontal Health Disparities

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.789919

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2021.789919

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p>Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. In this study, we used qPCR to determine and compare oral microbial profiles in dental plaque samples from 191 periodontitis patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. We also obtained the periodontal parameters of these patients retrospectively using axiUm and performed statistical analysis using SAS 9.4. We found that in this patient cohort, neighborhood median incomes were significantly higher among Caucasians Americans (CAs) than among African Americans (AAs) and Hispanic Americans (HAs). Levels of total bacteria and <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</italic>, a keystone periodontal pathogen, were not evenly distributed among the three groups. We confirmed our previous findings that <italic>Streptococcus cristatus</italic> reduces <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> virulence potential and likely serves as a beneficial bacterium. We also showed the ratio of <italic>S. cristatus</italic> to <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> to be significantly higher in CAs than in HAs and AAs. Our results suggest that higher levels of <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> and lower ratios of <italic>S. cristatus</italic> to <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> may contribute to periodontal health disparities.</p>