AUTHOR=Shen Siquan , Huang Xiangning , Shi Qingyu , Guo Yan , Yang Yang , Yin Dandan , Zhou Xun , Ding Li , Han Renru , Yu Hua , Hu Fupin 

TITLE=Occurrence of NDM-1, VIM-1, and OXA-10 Co-Producing Providencia rettgeri Clinical Isolate in China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.789646

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2021.789646

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Providencia rettgeri</italic> is a nosocomial pathogen associated with urinary tract infections related to hospital-acquired Infections. In recent years, <italic>P. rettgeri</italic> clinical strains producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) and other β-lactamase which reduce the efficiency of antimicrobial therapy have been reported. However, there are few reports of <italic>P. rettgeri</italic> co-producing two metallo-β-lactamases in one isolate. Here, we first reported a <italic>P. rettgeri</italic> strain (P138) co-harboring <italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>VIM-1</sub>, and <italic>bla</italic><sub>OXA-10</sub>. The specie were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution method indicated that <italic>P. rettgeri</italic> P138 was resistant to meropenem (MIC = 64μg/ml), imipenem (MIC = 64μg/ml), and aztreonam (MIC = 32μg/ml). Conjugation experiments revealed that the <italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub>-carrying plasmid was transferrable. The carbapenemase genes were detected using PCR and confirmed by PCR-based sequencing. The complete genomic sequence of the <italic>P. rettgeri</italic> was identified using Illumina (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) short-read sequencing (150bp paired-end reads), and many common resistance genes had been identified, including <italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>VIM-1</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>OXA-10</sub>, <italic>aac(6’)-Il, aadA5, ant(2’’)-Ia, aadA1, aac(6’)-Ib3, aadA1, aph(3’)-Ia, aac(6’)-Ib-cr</italic>, <italic>qnrD1</italic>, <italic>qnrA1</italic>, and <italic>catA2</italic>. The <italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub> gene was characterized by the following structure: IS<italic>110</italic>–TnpA–IntI1–aadB–IS<italic>91</italic>–GroEL–GroES–DsbD–PAI–ble–<italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub>–IS<italic>91</italic>–QnrS1–IS<italic>110</italic>. Blast comparison revealed that the <italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub> gene structure shared &gt;99% similarity with plasmid p5_SCLZS62 (99% nucleotide identity and query coverage). In summary, we isolated a <italic>P. rettgeri</italic> strain coproducing <italic>bla</italic><sub>NDM-1</sub>, <italic>bla</italic><sub>VIM-1</sub>, and blaOXA-10. To the best of our acknowledge, this was first reported in the world. The occurrence of the strain needs to be closely monitored.</p>