AUTHOR=Fan Xianmin , Zhang Yue , Ouyang Renhui , Luo Bo , Li Lizhu , He Wei , Liu Meichen , Jiang Nan , Yang Fengjiao , Wang Lingjun , Zhou Biying 

TITLE=Cysticercus cellulosae Regulates T-Cell Responses and Interacts With the Host Immune System by Excreting and Secreting Antigens

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.728222

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2021.728222

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Cysticercus cellulosae</italic> (<italic>C. cellulosae</italic>) excretes and secretes antigens during the parasitic process to regulate the host immune response; however, resulting immune response and cytokine production in the host during infection still remains unclear. We used <italic>C. cellulosae</italic> crude antigens (CAs) as controls to explore the effect of excretory secretory antigens (ESAs) on T-cell immune responses in piglets. <italic>C. cellulosae</italic> ESAs induced imbalanced CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell proportions, increased the CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T-cell frequencies, and induced lymphocytes to produce interleukin-10, which was mainly attributed to CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>−</sup>CD8<sup>−</sup> T cells. The ESAs also induced Th2-type immune responses. The results showed that the ability of <italic>C. cellulosae</italic> to escape the host immune attacks and establish a persistent infection may be related to host immune response regulation by the ESAs.</p>