AUTHOR=Dong Hailong , Liu Bingxian , Li Aoyun , Iqbal Mudassar , Mehmood Khalid , Jamil Tariq , Chang Yung-Fu , Zhang Hui , Wu Qingxia 

TITLE=Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Attenuation Effect of Lactobacillus From Yaks on Diarrhea via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.610781

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2020.610781

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p>Domestic yaks (<italic>Bos grunniens</italic>) are indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau and display a high diarrhea rate due to poor habitat and husbandry conditions. <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> has been shown to exert beneficial effects as antimicrobial, growth promotion, and gut microbiota in humans and/or murine models, but the relevant data regarding <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> isolated from yaks was unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> from yaks on the intestinal microbial community in a mouse model and determine whether <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> supplementation contributed in alleviating diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota. A total of 12 ileac samples from four groups were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region. Results revealed that although <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> supplementation did not change the diversity of gut microbiota in mice, the proportion of some intestinal microbiota significantly changed. Specifically, the proportion of <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> and <italic>Sphingomonas</italic> in the <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> treated-group (L-group) were increased as compared to control group (C-group), whereas <italic>Pantoea</italic>, <italic>Cutibacterium</italic>, <italic>Glutamicibacter</italic>, <italic>Turicibacter</italic>, <italic>Globicatella</italic>, <italic>Microbacterium</italic>, <italic>Facklamia</italic>, <italic>unidentified_Corynebacteriaceae</italic>, <italic>Brachybacterium</italic>, and <italic>Staphylococcus</italic> were significantly decreased in the L-group. In contrast, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (<italic>E. coli</italic>) infection significantly decreased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as <italic>Globicatella</italic>, <italic>Acinetobacter</italic>, <italic>Aerococcus</italic>, and <italic>Comamonas</italic>, while loads of pathogenic bacteria significantly increased including <italic>Roseburia</italic> and <italic>Megasphaera</italic>. Interestingly, <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> administration could ameliorate the microbial community structure of <italic>E. coli</italic>-induced diarrheal mice by reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as <italic>Paenibacillus</italic>, <italic>Aerococcus</italic>, <italic>Comamonas</italic>, <italic>Acinetobacter</italic>, <italic>Corynebacterium</italic>, <italic>Facklamia</italic>, and <italic>Globicatella</italic>. Results in this study revealed that <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> supplementation not only improved the gut microbiota but also alleviated diarrhea in mice, which may be mediated by modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Moreover, this study is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the establishment of a preventive and treatment system for diarrhea in yaks.</p>