AUTHOR=Assunção Leandro do Prado , Moraes Dayane , Soares Lucas Weba , Silva-Bailão Mirelle Garcia , de Siqueira Janaina Gomes , Baeza Lilian Cristiane , Báo Sônia Nair , Soares Célia Maria de Almeida , Bailão Alexandre Melo 

TITLE=Insights Into Histoplasma capsulatum Behavior on Zinc Deprivation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.573097

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2020.573097

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Histoplasma capsulatum</italic> is a thermodimorphic fungus that causes histoplasmosis, a mycosis of global incidence. The disease is prevalent in temperate and tropical regions such as North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. It is known that during infection macrophages restrict Zn availability to <italic>H. capsulatum</italic> as a microbicidal mechanism. In this way the present work aimed to study the response of <italic>H. capsulatum</italic> to zinc deprivation. <italic>In silico</italic> analyses showed that <italic>H. capsulatum</italic> has eight genes related to zinc homeostasis ranging from transcription factors to CDF and ZIP family transporters. The transcriptional levels of <italic>ZAP1</italic>, <italic>ZRT1</italic>, and <italic>ZRT2</italic> were induced under zinc-limiting conditions. The decrease in Zn availability increases fungicidal macrophage activity. Proteomics analysis during zinc deprivation at 24 and 48 h showed 265 proteins differentially expressed at 24 h and 68 at 48 h. Proteins related to energy production pathways, oxidative stress, and cell wall remodeling were regulated. The data also suggested that low metal availability increases the chitin and glycan content in fungal cell wall that results in smoother cell surface. Metal restriction also induces oxidative stress triggered, at least in part, by reduction in pyridoxin synthesis.</p>