AUTHOR=El Bissati Kamal , Redel Henry , Ting Li-Min , Lykins Joseph D. , McPhillie Martin J. , Upadhya Rajendra , Woster Patrick M. , Yarlett Nigel , Kim Kami , Weiss Louis M. 

TITLE=Novel Synthetic Polyamines Have Potent Antimalarial Activities in vitro and in vivo by Decreasing Intracellular Spermidine and Spermine Concentrations

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00009

DOI=10.3389/fcimb.2019.00009

ISSN=2235-2988

ABSTRACT=<p>Twenty-two compounds belonging to several classes of polyamine analogs have been examined for their ability to inhibit the growth of the human malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. Four lead compounds from the thiourea sub-series and one compound from the urea-based analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of both chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) and chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strains of <italic>Plasmodium</italic> with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 150 to 460 nM. In addition, the compound RHW, <italic>N</italic>1,<italic>N</italic>7-bis (3-(cyclohexylmethylamino) propyl) heptane-1,7-diamine tetrabromide was found to inhibit Dd2 with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 200 nM. When RHW was administered to <italic>P. yoelii</italic>-infected mice at 35 mg/kg for 4 days, it significantly reduced parasitemia. RHW was also assayed in combination with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylornithine, and the two drugs were found not to have synergistic antimalarial activity. Furthermore, these inhibitors led to decreased cellular spermidine and spermine levels in <italic>P. falciparum</italic>, suggesting that they exert their antimalarial activities by inhibition of spermidine synthase.</p>