AUTHOR=Almeida Cayo , Pongilio Renan Paschoalino , Móvio Marília Inês , Higa Guilherme Shigueto Vilar , Resende Rodrigo Ribeiro , Jiang Jianxiong , Kinjo Erika Reime , Kihara Alexandre Hiroaki TITLE=Distinct Cell-specific Roles of NOX2 and MyD88 in Epileptogenesis JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology VOLUME=10 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.926776 DOI=10.3389/fcell.2022.926776 ISSN=2296-634X ABSTRACT=

It is well established that temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Both processes subserve alterations observed in epileptogenesis and ultimately involve distinct classes of cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and specific neural subtypes. For this reason, molecules associated with oxidative stress response and neuroinflammation have been proposed as potential targets for therapeutic strategies. However, these molecules can participate in distinct intracellular pathways depending on the cell type. To illustrate this, we reviewed the potential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, we presented approaches to study genes in different cells, employing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) transcriptomic analyses, transgenic technologies and viral serotypes carrying vectors with specific promoters. We discussed the importance of identifying particular roles of molecules depending on the cell type, endowing more effective therapeutic strategies to treat TLE.