AUTHOR=Balandeh Ebrahim , Mohammadshafie Kimia , Mahmoudi Yaser , Hossein Pourhanifeh Mohammad , Rajabi Ali , Bahabadi Zahra Razaghi , Mohammadi Amir Hossein , Rahimian Neda , Hamblin Michael R. , Mirzaei Hamed 

TITLE=Roles of Non-coding RNAs and Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.716462

DOI=10.3389/fcell.2021.716462

ISSN=2296-634X

ABSTRACT=<p>One of the significant hallmarks of cancer is angiogenesis. It has a crucial function in tumor development and metastasis. Thus, angiogenesis has become one of the most exciting targets for drug development in cancer treatment. Here we discuss the regulatory effects on angiogenesis in glioblastoma (GBM) of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These ncRNAs may function in <italic>trans</italic> or <italic>cis</italic> forms and modify gene transcription by various mechanisms, including epigenetics. NcRNAs may also serve as crucial regulators of angiogenesis-inducing molecules. These molecules include, metalloproteinases, cytokines, several growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and epidermal growth factor), phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transforming growth factor signaling pathways.</p>