AUTHOR=Riddiford Lynn M. 

TITLE=Rhodnius, Golden Oil, and Met: A History of Juvenile Hormone Research

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.00679

DOI=10.3389/fcell.2020.00679

ISSN=2296-634X

ABSTRACT=<p>Juvenile hormone (JH) is a unique sesquiterpenoid hormone which regulates both insect metamorphosis and insect reproduction. It also may be utilized by some insects to mediate polyphenisms and other life history events that are environmentally regulated. This article details the history of the research on this versatile hormone that began with studies by V. B. Wigglesworth on the “kissing bug” <italic>Rhodnius prolixus</italic> in 1934, through the discovery of a natural source of JH in the abdomen of male <italic>Hyalophora cecropia</italic> moths by C. M. Williams that allowed its isolation (“golden oil”) and identification, to the recent research on its receptor, termed <italic>Methoprene-tolerant</italic> (<italic>Met</italic>). Our present knowledge of cellular actions of JH in metamorphosis springs primarily from studies on <italic>Rhodnius</italic> and the tobacco hornworm <italic>Manduca sexta</italic>, with recent studies on the flour beetle <italic>Tribolium castaneum</italic>, the silkworm <italic>Bombyx mori</italic>, and the fruit fly <italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic> contributing to the molecular understanding of these actions. Many questions still need to be resolved including the molecular basis of competence to metamorphose, differential tissue responses to JH, and the interaction of nutrition and other environmental signals regulating JH synthesis and degradation.</p>