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CASE REPORT article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1574698
This article is part of the Research Topic Vascular Injury in Systemic Diseases: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives View all 7 articles
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Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of disorders characterized by antibodies targeting neuronal cell surface, intracellular structures and synapse antigens.Treatment for AE involves reducing antibody levels and suppressing immune-mediated inflammation using intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange (PE), and immune-modulating agents. PE is commonly used in autoimmune neurological diseases, but the safety issues of PE are worth continuous attention. This case report describes a 28-year-old patient who was diagnosed with anti-GAD65 AE and underwent treatments including double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), steroids, and immunosuppressive agents. However, complications arose when the patient developed thrombosis and was diagnosed with type II heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). He was treated with an oral anticoagulant and eventually recovered. One month later, follow-up examinations showed no presence of emboli and his epilepsy remained well controlled. There is a risk of HIT, a potentially dangerous adverse reaction to heparin during treatment of PE. The current case highlights the importance of monitoring for HIT during PE and the need for alternative anticoagulants.
Keywords: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, autoimmune encephalitis, Double filtration plasmapheresis, Heparin, Platelet, Thrombus
Received: 14 Feb 2025; Accepted: 28 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Chen, Ni, Mei, Zhou and Wan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Wenbin Wan, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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