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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1480566
Association of accumulated exposure to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration with risk of premature cardiovascular disease: the Kailuan Study
Provisionally accepted
Yifei Wang 1
Xuemei Zhao 1 Haibo Gao 1 Wei Li 1 Haotian Wu 1 Guiping Wang 1
Xiaokun Liu 1*
Shouling Wu 2- 1 Tangshan Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan, China
- 2 Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
Background: There are many common risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease. Among them, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has been proven to be a significant risk factor. However, a single measurement cannot reflect the long-term impact of non-HDL-C on premature cardiovascular disease.: This study selected active and retired employees from Kailuan Group who participated in the annual health examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010 as the study population. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% Running Title 2 confidence intervals (95% CI) of different cumulative exposures to non-HDL-C on the risk of premature cardiovascular disease.Results: During a median follow-up period of 9.88 years, we observed 285 cases of early cardiovascular events out of 16,684 study participants. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that as the cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C increased, the risk of premature cardiovascular disease gradually increased. Compared to the reference group first quartile of cumnon-HDL-C, the HRs (95% CI) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.26 (0.81, 1.95), 1.58 (1.04, 2.40), and 1.81 (1.18, 2.77), respectively. Furthermore, with longer cumulative exposure times, the risk of premature cardiovascular disease increased. Compared to no cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C, the HRs (95% CI) for cumulative exposures of 2 years and ≥4 years were 1.63 (1.16, 2.30) and 1.73 (1.07, 2.79), respectively.Cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C is a risk factor for early cardiovascular events and is independent of single non-HDL-C measurement values.
Keywords: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cumulative exposure, Premature cardiovascular events, risk factor, cohort study
Received: 20 Aug 2024; Accepted: 10 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Zhao, Gao, Li, Wu, Wang, Liu and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xiaokun Liu, Tangshan Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan, China
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