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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1480566

Association of accumulated exposure to non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration with risk of premature cardiovascular disease: the Kailuan Study

Provisionally accepted
Yifei Wang Yifei Wang 1Xuemei Zhao Xuemei Zhao 1Haibo Gao Haibo Gao 1Wei Li Wei Li 1Haotian Wu Haotian Wu 1Guiping Wang Guiping Wang 1Xiaokun Liu Xiaokun Liu 1*Shouling Wu Shouling Wu 2
  • 1 Tangshan Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan, China
  • 2 Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: There are many common risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease. Among them, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has been proven to be a significant risk factor. However, a single measurement cannot reflect the long-term impact of non-HDL-C on premature cardiovascular disease.: This study selected active and retired employees from Kailuan Group who participated in the annual health examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010 as the study population. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% Running Title 2 confidence intervals (95% CI) of different cumulative exposures to non-HDL-C on the risk of premature cardiovascular disease.Results: During a median follow-up period of 9.88 years, we observed 285 cases of early cardiovascular events out of 16,684 study participants. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that as the cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C increased, the risk of premature cardiovascular disease gradually increased. Compared to the reference group first quartile of cumnon-HDL-C, the HRs (95% CI) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.26 (0.81, 1.95), 1.58 (1.04, 2.40), and 1.81 (1.18, 2.77), respectively. Furthermore, with longer cumulative exposure times, the risk of premature cardiovascular disease increased. Compared to no cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C, the HRs (95% CI) for cumulative exposures of 2 years and ≥4 years were 1.63 (1.16, 2.30) and 1.73 (1.07, 2.79), respectively.Cumulative exposure to non-HDL-C is a risk factor for early cardiovascular events and is independent of single non-HDL-C measurement values.

    Keywords: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cumulative exposure, Premature cardiovascular events, risk factor, cohort study

    Received: 20 Aug 2024; Accepted: 10 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Zhao, Gao, Li, Wu, Wang, Liu and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Xiaokun Liu, Tangshan Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.