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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

Sec. Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1476165

This article is part of the Research Topic Advancements in Biomarker Genetics: Insights from the Genomics Era View all articles

Circulating bacterial DNA in cardiovascular disease

Provisionally accepted
  • 1 Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
  • 2 University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a global health burden despite advances in prevention and treatment. Conventional biomarkers, while effective for a number of patient groups, fail to provide personalized diagnosis and prognosis, necessitating the exploration of novel markers. Advancements in sequencing technology have unveiled the role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a reservoir of genetic information from all cells within the body, and associations between elevated cfDNA levels and CVD risk factors and status have been reported. Recent attention has turned to a subset of cfDNA, circulating bacterial DNA (cbDNA), derived from gut microbiota, as a potential biomarker. Investigations into microbial translocation from the gut, particularly the phenomenon of 'leaky gut,' reveal its association with CVD and provide a potential source for cbDNA. Here, we review the existing literature on cbDNA in CVD, highlighting its potential diagnostic and prognostic value. Current studies have largely been carried out in small, disparate cohorts, using different sample types and a range of methodologies. While cbDNA shows potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, the lack of consensus in methodologies and populations studied calls for standardized approaches and large cohorts to establish cbDNA as a reliable CVD biomarker. Future research should focus on identifying the source of cbDNA and its pathological relevance, utilizing advanced sequencing techniques and standardized cohorts for conclusive findings.

    Keywords: Circulating bacterial DNA, cbDNA, cell-free DNA, cardiovascular disease, biomarker, liquid biopsy

    Received: 06 Aug 2024; Accepted: 01 Apr 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Appleby and Purcell. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Sarah Appleby, Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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