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REVIEW article

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 11 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1408487

The incidence, mortality and disease burden of cardiovascular diseases in China: A comparative study with the United States and Japan based on the GBD 2019 time trend analysis

Provisionally accepted
Meng-Lan Zhu Meng-Lan Zhu 1,2Wenyu Jin Wenyu Jin 3Wangbiao He Wangbiao He 4Lulu Zhang Lulu Zhang 3*
  • 1 Sanitation Teaching and Research Section of department, Department of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
  • 2 Otolaryngology Department, The 74th Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China
  • 3 Sanitation Teaching and Research Section of department of Health Service in Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
  • 4 Cardiorenal Department of the 79th Army Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Liaoyang, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are not only the primary cause of mortality in China but also represent a significant financial burden. The World Health Organization highlight that China undergoes rapid socioeconomic development, its disease spectrum is gradually shifting towards that of developed countries, with increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. We reviewed the rates and trends of CVDs incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden in China and compared them with those in the United States (US) and Japan for formulating CVDs control policies.Data on CVDs incidence, death and DALYs in China, the US and Japan were obtained from the GBD 2019 database. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in CVDs incidence and mortality in China, the US and Japan, calculate the annual percentage change and determine the best-fitting inflection points.In 2019, there were approximately 12,341,074 new diagnosed cases of CVDs in China, with 4,584,273 CVDs related deaths, causing 91,933,122 DALYs. The CVDs age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in China (538.10/100,000) was lower than that in the US and globally, while age-standardized death rate (ASDR) (276.9/100,000) and age-standardized DALY rate (6463.47/100,000) were higher than those in the two regions. Compared with the US and Japan, from 1990 to 2019, the CVDs incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend, with a lower annual decrease in ASDR and a younger age structure of disease burden. Furthermore, the disease spectrum in China changed minimally, with stroke, ischemic heart disease, and hypertensive heart disease being the top three leading CVDs diseases in terms of incidence and disease burden, also being the major causes of CVDs in the US and Japan.The prevention and control of CVDs is a global issue. The aging population and increasing unhealthy lifestyles will continue to increase the burden in China. Therefore, relevant departments in China should reference the established practices for CVDs control in developed countries while considering the diversity of CVDs in different regions when adjusting national CVDs control programs.

    Keywords: CVDs, ASIR, ASDR, disability-adjusted life years, GBD 2019, China, the United States, Japan Abbreviation:DALY, disability-adjusted life year, US, United States, GBD, Global Burden of Disease, WHO, World Health Organization, ASIR，age-standardized rates of incidence, ASDR, age-standardized rates of death, IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, APC, annual percent change

    Received: 10 Apr 2024; Accepted: 05 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhu, Jin, He and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Lulu Zhang, Sanitation Teaching and Research Section of department of Health Service in Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.