AUTHOR=Fouda Hamas , Ibrahim Wisam N. , Shi Zumin , Alahmadi Fahad , Almohammadi Yousef , Al-Haidose Amal , Abdallah Atiyeh M. 

TITLE=Impact of the MIF -173G/C variant on cardiovascular disease risk: a meta-analysis of 9,047 participants

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1323423

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2024.1323423

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Many factors contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), an umbrella term for several different heart diseases, including inflammation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important immune modulator that has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of different heart diseases, so understanding pathogenic variants of the <italic>MIF</italic> gene is important for risk stratification. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether the <italic>MIF</italic> -173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism is associated with CVD.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2023 for case-control studies of the <italic>MIF</italic> -173G/C polymorphism and its relationship to any type of CVD. Correlations between the <italic>MIF</italic> -173G/C polymorphism and CVD were estimated by pooling the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals in allelic, dominant, and recessive models using random-effects meta-analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 9,047 participants (4141 CVD cases and 4906 healthy controls) from 11 relevant studies were included. In the total population, there was no significant association between the <italic>MIF</italic> -173G/C (rs755622) polymorphism and the risk of developing CVD in the three different models. In a stratified analysis by ethnicity, the allelic model (C vs G) was significantly associated with CVD in the Arab and Asian populations (OR = 0.56, CI 0.42 -0.75 and OR = 1.28, CI 1.12 -1.46, respectively); the dominant model (CC+CG vs GG) was significantly associated with CVD in the Arab population (OR = 0.42, CI 0.30 -0.61); while the recessive model (GG+GC vs CC) was associated with CVD susceptibility in the Arab population (OR = 3.84, CI 1.57 -9.41). There were no significant associations between the <italic>MIF</italic> -173 G/C polymorphism and CVD risk in the European population. Conclusion, the <italic>MIF</italic> -173G/C polymorphism is associated with CVD in some populations.</p></sec><sec><title>Systematic Review Registration</title><p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/</ext-link>, PROSPERO (CRD42023441139).</p></sec>