AUTHOR=Liu Guo-Yang , Xie Wan-Li , Wang Yan-Ting , Chen Lu , Xu Zhen-Zhen , Lv Yong , Wu Qing-Ping 

TITLE=Calpain: the regulatory point of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1194402

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2023.1194402

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=<p>Calpain is a conserved cysteine protease readily expressed in several mammalian tissues, which is usually activated by Ca<sup>2+</sup> and with maximum activity at neutral pH. The activity of calpain is tightly regulated because its aberrant activation will nonspecifically cleave various proteins in cells. Abnormally elevation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> promotes the abnormal activation of calpain during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, resulting in myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. In this paper, we mainly reviewed the effects of calpain in various programmed cell death (such as apoptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and parthanatos) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. In addition, we also discussed the abnormal activation of calpain during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, the effect of calpain on myocardial repair, and the possible future research directions of calpain.</p>