AUTHOR=Yap Bryan Ju Min , Lai-Foenander Ashley Sean , Goh Bey Hing , Ong Yong Sze , Duangjai Acharaporn , Saokaew Surasak , Chua Caroline Lin Lin , Phisalprapa Pochamana , Yap Wei Hsum TITLE=Unraveling the Immunopathogenesis and Genetic Variants in Vasculitis Toward Development of Personalized Medicine JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine VOLUME=8 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.732369 DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2021.732369 ISSN=2297-055X ABSTRACT=

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the inflammation of the vascular endothelium. Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (CSVV) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are two examples of LCV. Advancements in genomic technologies have identified risk haplotypes, genetic variants, susceptibility loci and pathways that are associated with vasculitis immunopathogenesis. The discovery of these genetic factors and their corresponding cellular signaling aberrations have enabled the development and use of novel therapeutic strategies for vasculitis. Personalized medicine aims to provide targeted therapies to individuals who show poor response to conventional interventions. For example, monoclonal antibody therapies have shown remarkable efficacy in achieving disease remission. Here, we discuss pathways involved in disease pathogenesis and the underlying genetic associations in different populations worldwide. Understanding the immunopathogenic pathways in vasculitis and identifying associated genetic variations will facilitate the development of novel and targeted personalized therapies for patients.