AUTHOR=DiChiacchio Laura , Singh Avneesh K. , Chan Joshua L. , Shockcor Nicole M. , Zhang Tianshu , Lewis Billeta G. , Ayares David , Corcoran Philip , Horvath Keith A. , Mohiuddin Muhammad M. TITLE=Intra-Abdominal Heterotopic Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Pearls and Pitfalls JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine VOLUME=6 YEAR=2019 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00095 DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2019.00095 ISSN=2297-055X ABSTRACT=

Heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation in the intra-abdominal position has been studied extensively in a pig-to-baboon model to define the optimal donor genetics and immunosuppressive regimen to prevent xenograft rejection. Extensive investigation using this model is a necessary stepping stone toward the development of a life-supporting animal model, with the ultimate goal of demonstrating suitability for clinical cardiac xenotransplantation trials. Aspects of surgical technique, pre- and post-operative care, graft monitoring, and minimization of infectious risk have all required refinement and optimization of heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation over time. This review details non-immunologic obstacles relevant to this model described by our group and in the literature, as well as strategies that have been developed to address these specific challenges.