AUTHOR=Li Kan Yan Chloe 

TITLE=Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Upgrading a 50-Year Old Technology

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00047

DOI=10.3389/fcvm.2019.00047

ISSN=2297-055X

ABSTRACT=<p>Prosthetic heart valves have been commonly used to address the increasing prevalence of valvular heart disease. The ideal prosthetic heart valve substitute should closely mimic the characteristics of a normal native heart valve. Despite the development of various interventions, an exemplary valve replacement does not exist. This review provides an overview of the novel engineering valve designs and explores emergent immunologic insights into age-dependent structural valve degeneration (SVD).</p>