MINI REVIEW article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Nanobiotechnology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1592391
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Road toward Nano-Based Diagnostics for Health and DiseaseView all 10 articles
Illuminating Extracellular Nanovesicles through the Spectroscopic Lens: A Mini Review of Cutting-Edge Insights and Emerging Applications
Provisionally accepted
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules like proteins and RNA, impacting both health and disease. Herein, the EVs' significance in physiological and pathological processes is reviewed, emphasising their potential as biomarkers for diseases including for instance, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular conditions. The principles and applications of Raman spectroscopy -a powerful tool offering detailed molecular insights into EVs, are further examined. The non-destructive nature of this spectroscopic technique renders it invaluable for studying the molecular composition, purity and concentration of EVs. When EVs are isolated from accessible biofluids such as blood, urine or saliva, the overall process remains minimally invasive, enhancing its clinical applicability. The review highlights Raman spectroscopy's role in identifying disease-related EVs, distinguishing subpopulations and enhancing our understanding of EVs in disease mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
Keywords: extracellular vesicles, Raman spectroscopy, Raman imaging, Disease diagnostics, SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering)
Received: 12 Mar 2025; Accepted: 23 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bhowmik, Patel and Goldberg Oppenheimer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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