Shima Rahmati ^1* mohammad torkashvand ² Leila Rezakhani ³ zahra habibi ¹ Abdolhamid Mikaeili ³

• ¹ Hajar University Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
• ² University of Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
• ³ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Kerman, Iran

Lung diseases account for over four million premature deaths every year, and experts predict that this number will increase in the future. The top cause of death globally is diseases which include conditions like lung cancer asthma and COPD. Treating severe acute lung injury is a complex task because lungs struggle to heal themselves in the presence of swelling inflammation and scarring caused by damage, to the lung tissues. Though achieving lung regeneration, in controlled environments is still an ambition; ongoing studies are concentrating on notable progress, in the field of lung tissue engineering and methods for repairing lung damage.This review delves into methods, for regenerating lungs with a focus on exosome carry bioscaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells among others. It talks about how these new techniques can help repair lung tissue and improve lung function in cases of damage. Also noted is the significance of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), for rejuvenating donor lungs and the healing properties of exosomes in supporting lung regeneration.Due to the slow tissue turnover in the unperturbed adult lung, lung transplantation remains the sole curative treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, the limited availability of donor organs and the necessity for intensive immunosuppression restrict its widespread clinical application. Following an injury or insult, a specific population of facultative lung progenitors is activated to replenish damaged tissue through a reparative process known as regeneration. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to reconstruct cells, tissues, or organs to restore normal biological properties. Bioartificial lungs could address these issues by combining native matrix scaffolds with patient-derived cells and exosomes. Recent research provides innovative insights into postnatal lung development and post-injury lung regeneration via native lung progenitors.With the advancement of tissue engineering techniques, full lung regeneration in the lab using decellularized tissue scaffolds, organoids, exosome-loaded scaffolds, and stem cells is now possible. This review discusses advances in our understanding of lung regeneration and the development of exosome-loaded scaffolds and other bioscaffolds for treating incurable lung diseases.