AUTHOR=Guo Rui , Kan Yu-Chen , Xu Yang , Han Lu-Yang , Bu Wen-Han , Han Long-Xu , Qi Yin-Yu , Chu Jian-Jun 

TITLE=Preparation and efficacy of antibacterial methacrylate monomer-based polymethyl methacrylate bone cement containing N-halamine compounds

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1414005

DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2024.1414005

ISSN=2296-4185

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Our objective in this study was to prepare a novel type of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, analyze its material properties, and evaluate its safety and antibacterial efficacy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A halamine compound methacrylate antibacterial PMMA bone cement containing an N-Cl bond structure was formulated, and its material characterization was determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR. The antibacterial properties of the material were studied using contact bacteriostasis and releasing-type bacteriostasis experiments. Finally, <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> biocompatibility experiments were performed to analyze the toxic effects of the material on mice and embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Incorporation of the antibacterial methacrylate monomer with the N-halamine compound in the new antibacterial PMMA bone cement significantly increased its contact and releasing-type bacteriostatic performance against <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>. Notably, at 20% and 25% additions of N-halamine compound, the contact and releasing-type bacteriostasis rates of bone cement samples reached 100% (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the new antibacterial bone cement containing 5%, 10%, and 15% N-halamine compounds showed good biocompatibility <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>In this study, we found that the novel antibacterial PMMA bone cement with N-halamine compound methacrylate demonstrated good contact and releasing-type bacteriostatic properties against <italic>S. aureus</italic>. In particular, bone cement containing a 15% N-halamine monomer exhibited strong antibacterial properties and good <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> biocompatibility.</p></sec>